FAQ FAQ

A short synthetic peptide — typically two to four amino acids — modeled on peptide fractions that Khavinson's group isolated from a specific tissue. The hypothesis in that literature is tissue-specific regulation of gene expression and protein synthesis. Examples include Epitalon (Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly, from pineal extracts) and Pinealon (Glu-Asp-Arg). The concept and its history are covered in the Khavinson catalog explained.

The naming tracks the source of the original extract, not a proven action on your sample: Cardiogen derives from cardiac tissue work, Bronchogen from bronchial, Livagen from liver, Testagen from testicular. The tissue association describes the research lineage; whether a given short peptide has tissue-selective effects remains an open experimental question in each case.

Epithalamin is the original pineal extract — a mixture of peptides — used in early Soviet studies. Epitalon (Epithalon) is the defined synthetic tetrapeptide Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly (CAS 307297-39-8, 390.35 Da) created as a reproducible analog of it. Modern research uses the synthetic form because it is a single characterized molecule with a COA rather than a variable biological extract.

Mostly Russian-language studies from the Khavinson group: rodent lifespan experiments, cell-culture work on gene expression and telomerase activity for Epitalon, and clinical reports for extract-based preparations like Thymalin that predate modern trial standards. Independent Western replication is limited, which is why claims should stay hedged. Our review of what Khavinson's Epitalon work actually showed covers the strongest and weakest data.

The collection includes Pinealon, Vilon, Vesugen, Testagen, Prostamax, Cortagen, Cardiogen, Livagen, Bronchogen, Ovagen, Chonluten, Cartalax, Crystagen, Pancragen, plus capsule-format Cerluten, Endoluten, Ventfort, Sigumir and Visoluten. Related thymic peptides Thymalin and Thymogen sit in the immune catalog.

Lyophilized vials such as Pinealon contain a single synthetic peptide characterized by HPLC and mass spec — Pinealon's COA shows Glu-Asp-Arg at ≥99% purity. Capsule products in the Cerluten/Endoluten line follow the extract-based 'cytomax' tradition and are standardized differently. For quantitative laboratory work the defined synthetic vial is the appropriate format; see oral peptides: capsules and troches for the format trade-offs.

Exactly like other lyophilized peptides: sealed vials at −20 °C protected from light, gentle reconstitution in bacteriostatic water with swirling, then refrigerated solutions at 2–8 °C in single-use aliquots. Short sequences like these tetrapeptides are comparatively robust in solution, but the standard practice in the reconstitution guide and storage guide still applies.

No. Both trace to brain/pineal research, but they are different molecules: Epitalon is the tetrapeptide Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly associated with pineal and telomere research; Pinealon is the tripeptide Glu-Asp-Arg studied mainly in neuronal cell models. They are frequently confused because of the naming. The side-by-side differences are tabulated in Epitalon vs Pinealon.

Yes — several exist as sprays and blends for research on alternative delivery: Pinealon nasal spray, Epitalon nasal spray, Epitalon capsules, the modified N-acetyl Epitalon amidate, and combinations such as GHK-Cu + Epitalon. Each page lists the format's concentration and handling notes.

Thymalin and several extract preparations have registration history in Russia and some CIS countries; none of the synthesized bioregulator peptides is an FDA-approved drug in the United States. Everything in our bioregulator catalog is research-grade material for laboratory use only, with no diagnostic use. The line between approved products and research-grade material is drawn precisely in FDA-approved vs research-grade and the RUO explainer.

They are one of several peptide classes studied in aging models, alongside mitochondrial peptides such as MOTS-c and NAD+ precursors. The anti-aging research overview maps the classes against each other, and the bioregulators department and longevity collection show which catalog items belong to each program.

They are synthetic peptides that act on the GLP-1 receptor, alone or together with the GIP, glucagon or amylin receptors. Semaglutide is a single GLP-1 receptor agonist; tirzepatide is a GLP-1/GIP dual agonist; retatrutide adds glucagon receptor activity. In our catalog they are supplied as lyophilized powder with a lot-matched COA for laboratory research only, not as medicines.

Receptor coverage and structure. Semaglutide (MW 4113.58, CAS 910463-68-2) is a 31-residue GLP-1 analog with a C18 fatty diacid. Tirzepatide (MW 4813.45) is a 39-residue GIP-based sequence engineered to also engage GLP-1 receptors. Retatrutide adds glucagon receptor activity for a triple-agonist profile. Our semaglutide vs tirzepatide and retatrutide vs tirzepatide pages lay out the differences in tables.

No. The approved products are finished, FDA-reviewed drug formulations in injection pens with excipients, sterility validation and clinical labeling. Research-grade semaglutide is the peptide itself, lyophilized, characterized by HPLC and mass spectrometry, and sold for laboratory use only. Human trial data belong to the approved drugs, not to research material. See FDA-approved vs research-grade.

Look for HPLC purity of at least 98%, and ideally 99% or higher, with a mass spectrometry identity check whose observed mass matches the theoretical value for the sequence. Long acylated peptides can carry deletion or oxidation impurities, so a clean chromatogram matters. Every lot we ship is tested to ≥99% by HPLC; our COA guide shows what each field means.

Semaglutide ships in 5, 10, 20, 30 and 50 mg vials; tirzepatide in 10, 20, 30, 60 and 100 mg. Retatrutide, cagrilintide, survodutide, mazdutide, liraglutide, amycretin, ecnoglutide, exenatide and pramlintide have their own size ladders on their product pages. Blends such as semaglutide + cagrilintide are co-lyophilized. The GLP-1 research starter kit bundles a vial with diluent and syringes.

Sealed lyophilized vials belong at −20 °C, protected from light and moisture; short ambient exposure in transit does not degrade the powder. After reconstitution, keep solutions at 2–8 °C, protect from light and avoid freeze–thaw by preparing single-use aliquots. Acylated GLP-1 analogs are prone to aggregation if shaken. Details in how to store peptides.

Most laboratories use bacteriostatic water for stocks that will be sampled more than once, because the 0.9% benzyl alcohol suppresses microbial growth; sterile water suits single-use preparations. Add diluent slowly down the vial wall and swirl rather than shake. Worked concentration examples are in the reconstitution guide; the math is a laboratory calculation, not a dose.

Cagrilintide is a long-acting amylin analog. Amylin and GLP-1 act on different receptors but converge on appetite and gastric-emptying pathways, which is why the CagriSema clinical program combined them. In research settings the pairing lets a study compare single-receptor and combined-pathway effects with a matched control. See cagrilintide and our CagriSema explainer.

Orforglipron is not a peptide; it is a small-molecule, non-peptide GLP-1 receptor agonist, which is why it can be formulated as an oral tablet without absorption enhancers. Oral semaglutide is a peptide co-formulated with an absorption enhancer. Both appear in our catalog as research listings — see orforglipron and semaglutide oral research tablets.

No. Every GLP-1 peptide we sell is labeled research use only and is not for human or veterinary use, diagnosis or treatment. We do not provide dosing, injection or protocol information, and we cannot advise on personal use. Anyone seeking treatment should consult a licensed prescriber. Our research use only explainer describes what the label means in practice.

The institutional Research Catalog lists native and modified sequences in the GLP-1 family, plus GIP, exendin, glucagon and amylin families, alongside antibodies and ELISA kits for quantifying incretins in samples. The incretin pathway hub groups these by target.

Our blog tracks the pipeline and the rules around it: amycretin, ecnoglutide, orforglipron and survodutide compared and retatrutide's published phase-3 data. For regulatory context — including how compounding enforcement reshaped the research market in 2025–2026 — see the GLP-1 compounding crackdown explainer.

Receptor and origin. GHRH analogs are truncated or stabilized versions of the natural 44-residue hypothalamic hormone and act on the GHRH receptor; GHRPs are small synthetic peptides discovered independently that act on the ghrelin receptor (GHS-R1a). In pituitary cell models the two pathways are complementary, which is the rationale behind two-peptide research blends. See the GHRH and GHRP collections.

Drug Affinity Complex — a maleimidopropionic acid group that lets the peptide bind covalently to serum albumin, extending circulating half-life from minutes to days. CJC-1295 with DAC carries it; CJC-1295 No DAC (Mod GRF 1-29) is the same tetrasubstituted GRF(1-29) backbone without it. The comparison table in CJC-1295 No DAC vs DAC covers kinetics, use cases and handling.

In the original 1998 characterization, ipamorelin stimulated GH release in animal models without the ACTH, cortisol and prolactin elevations reported for earlier GHRPs like GHRP-2 and GHRP-6, and without GHRP-6's reported appetite signal via ghrelin-pathway activation. That receptor selectivity profile is why it became the default GHRP in research pairings — compared head-to-head in ipamorelin vs GHRP-2.

No. HGH (somatropin) is the 191-amino-acid recombinant growth hormone protein itself — a prescription biologic listed in our catalog only as a prescription reference. GHRH analogs and GHRPs are short peptides studied for their action on pituitary receptors; they contain no growth hormone. The legal and scientific distinction is explained in where the legal line is.

A co-lyophilized 1:1 combination — the 10 mg vial contains 5 mg of CJC-1295 (No DAC) and 5 mg of ipamorelin in one cake, each component characterized at ≥99% HPLC purity on the lot COA. The blend page lists sizes; other pairings include tesamorelin + ipamorelin and sermorelin + ipamorelin. Ratio and COA interpretation are covered in blends vs single vials.

Both are GHRH-receptor agonists, but sermorelin is the unmodified GRF(1-29) fragment while tesamorelin adds a trans-3-hexenoyl group to the full 44-residue sequence, improving enzymatic stability. Tesamorelin is also the only one with a US-approved counterpart (Egrifta, for HIV-associated lipodystrophy) — that history is traced in our tesamorelin explainer and the head-to-head in tesamorelin vs sermorelin.

No — ibutamoren is a non-peptide small molecule that agonizes the same ghrelin receptor as the GHRPs, which is why it appears alongside them. Being orally stable, it is supplied as capsules rather than a lyophilized vial. Functionally it belongs to the secretagogue family; chemically it has more in common with the compounds in our research compounds department.

They sit downstream: growth hormone signaling drives hepatic and local IGF-1 production, and researchers studying that axis directly use engineered ligands — IGF-1 LR3 resists binding-protein capture, IGF-1 DES lacks the first three residues, and MGF is the splice-variant peptide. The engineering rationale is explained in IGF-1 LR3 vs DES.

Standard lyophilized-peptide practice: sealed vials at −20 °C; reconstitute gently in bacteriostatic water, swirling rather than shaking; store solutions at 2–8 °C in single-use aliquots. GHRH analogs contain oxidation-prone methionine, so solution age matters more for them than for ipamorelin. The GH peptide starter kit bundles a blend vial with diluent and syringes; technique is in the reconstitution guide.

It varies sharply by molecule. Tesamorelin has full clinical development behind its approved indication; sermorelin was an approved diagnostic/therapeutic product for years; GHRP-2, GHRP-6 and hexarelin appeared in small human physiology studies in the 1990s; CJC-1295 has limited phase-1 data; ipamorelin's clinical program was discontinued. Research-grade material is not part of any of those programs — a distinction unpacked in FDA-approved vs research-grade.

The institutional Research Catalog carries native sequences and tool compounds in the GHRP family, ghrelin family, growth hormone family and MGF family, plus somatostatin — the axis's inhibitory arm. The GH/IGF axis hub groups peptides, antibodies and assay kits by target.

Bacteriostatic water contains 0.9% benzyl alcohol, which inhibits microbial growth and lets a reconstituted vial be re-entered over several weeks. Sterile water has no preservative and is single-use. Choose sterile water when the benzyl alcohol would interfere with the assay or the peptide. The full comparison covers stability and compatibility.

Manufacturer labelling for multi-use bacteriostatic water is commonly 28 days after first puncture when stored at controlled room temperature — the preservative is bacteriostatic, not sterilising, so it slows growth rather than preventing contamination indefinitely. Unopened vials keep to their printed expiry. Record the puncture date on the vial; our label and log sheets exist for exactly that.

On a U-100 syringe, 100 units equals 1 mL, so 1 unit is 0.01 mL. That is a volume marking, not a peptide quantity — the mass depends on your reconstituted concentration. A 5 mg vial in 2 mL gives 2.5 mg/mL, so 10 units (0.1 mL) contains 250 µg. The arithmetic is worked through in the reconstitution math guide.

Match the barrel to the volume you measure. 0.5 mL (50-unit) barrels have wider unit spacing and give better precision for volumes under 0.5 mL; 1 mL (100-unit) barrels cover larger volumes in one draw. For handling bulk solutions and filtering, 3 mL luer-lock syringes are the right tool. See choosing syringes and needles.

The opposite. Gauge is inversely related to bore diameter, so 31G is finer than 29G. Finer needles draw viscous solutions more slowly and are more prone to coring from repeated septum punctures. For drawing from a vial rather than fine work, a wider bore is faster and puts less shear on the solution.

When a solution must be sterile-filtered before use in cell culture or an animal protocol, or when particulates are visible after reconstitution. 0.22 µm filters remove bacteria but also adsorb peptide — losses of a few percent are typical and can be much higher for hydrophobic sequences. Filter only when the protocol requires it, and account for the loss in quantitation.

Every septum entry risks contamination and every freeze–thaw degrades peptide. Dividing a reconstituted stock into single-use volumes in sterile empty vials means each is opened once. It also removes the preservative question, since a single-use aliquot does not need bacteriostatic protection. The procedure is in the aliquoting guide.

A kit pairs a peptide with the consumables needed to work with it — the BPC-157 kit bundles a 5 mg vial with bacteriostatic water, syringes and prep pads; there are also GLP-1, GH peptide and longevity versions. Useful for a first setup; less so once you keep consumables in stock. See when a starter kit makes sense.

It supplies the bottle, actuator and solution for preparing a research peptide in intranasal format from a lyophilised vial — the kit and the DIY kit with Semax are the two versions. Spray volume per actuation is fixed by the pump, so concentration is set at reconstitution. The nasal spray guide covers formulation and shelf life.

Yes. The rubber septum is not sterile after handling and shipping, and the needle carries whatever is on it into the vial. Wiping the septum with a 70% isopropyl prep pad and letting it dry is the single cheapest contamination control in the workflow. Wiping and immediately puncturing while wet defeats the purpose.

Bacteriostatic and sterile water at controlled room temperature, not frozen — freezing can compromise the container-closure seal. Syringes, needles and empty vials stay sealed in their original packaging until use. Filters keep at room temperature and must not be autoclaved or reused. Nothing in the lab supplies range requires refrigeration.

Used needles and syringes go into a rigid, puncture-resistant sharps container immediately after use — never recapped, never into general waste. Disposal of a full container is governed by state and institutional rules; most laboratories use a licensed medical-waste contractor. This is a regulatory requirement, not a recommendation.

The consumables are general laboratory items, but everything we supply is sold for laboratory research use only, and the peptides they are used with are not for human or veterinary administration. Buying a syringe or a vial of bacteriostatic water from us does not change the status of the material it is used with — see the research use only FAQ.

It is a commercial grouping, not a pharmacological class. What the members share is a research literature in aging biology: mitochondrial peptides (MOTS-c, Humanin, SS-31), telomere and senescence sequences (Epitalon, FOXO4-DRI), and NAD+-pathway molecules. Their mechanisms differ completely, so they are not interchangeable in an experiment.

A short peptide encoded within mitochondrial DNA rather than the nuclear genome. MOTS-c (16 residues, CAS 1627580-64-6) and humanin (24 residues, CAS 330936-69-1) are the best-characterised examples. Published work is mostly cell-culture and rodent, reporting associations with AMPK signalling and metabolic stress responses. Our mitochondrial peptide overview summarises the literature.

SS-31 (elamipretide, D-Arg-Dmt-Lys-Phe-NH2, CAS 736992-21-5) is a synthetic tetrapeptide designed to associate with cardiolipin in the inner mitochondrial membrane. MOTS-c is a natural mitochondrial-encoded peptide studied as a signalling molecule. One is a membrane-targeted chemical tool, the other an endogenous regulator. The side-by-side detail is in MOTS-c vs SS-31.

Epitalon (Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly, CAS 307297-39-8) is a synthetic tetrapeptide from Khavinson's pineal-extract work. Reported findings include telomerase activity in human somatic cell cultures and rodent lifespan experiments, largely from a single research group and mostly published in Russian. Independent replication is limited. Our review separates the stronger data from the weaker.

It is studied as one. FOXO4-DRI is a retro-inverso D-amino-acid peptide designed to disrupt the FOXO4-p53 interaction that keeps senescent cells alive. A 2017 mouse study reported selective clearance of senescent cells. Evidence beyond that model is thin, and no human trial data exist for the peptide itself. See the FOXO4 glossary entry.

NAD+ (CAS 53-84-9) is the cofactor itself; NMN and NR are precursors that cells convert to it. The practical difference is route and cell entry, which is why comparative studies exist at all. NAD+ vs NMN and our routes-and-chemistry piece set out what each format is used for.

They are not peptides but appear in the same aging literature — autophagy (spermidine), senolytic screening (fisetin), mitophagy (urolithin A) and mTOR inhibition (rapamycin, a prescription-only drug we list as research-grade reference material). The longevity compounds primer compares their evidence bases.

Several. Oral capsules exist for Epitalon, NAD+ and MOTS-c; nasal formats include NAD+ nasal spray and Epitalon nasal spray; there are also dissolving strips. Format changes stability and comparability, so mixing formats within one study design is rarely advisable.

Effectively yes, in fixed ratios. The NAD+ Longevity Stack combines NAD+, MOTS-c and SS-31 in one vial; GHK-Cu + Epitalon pairs a copper peptide with the tetrapeptide. Blends save reconstitution steps but fix the ratio and complicate attribution of any observed effect. Blends vs single vials covers the trade-off.

Sealed lyophilised vials at −20 °C, protected from light and moisture, keep for years. Once reconstituted, refrigerate at 2–8 °C and aliquot into single-use volumes rather than repeatedly thawing one vial. NAD+ solutions are notably less stable than short peptides. The full protocol is in the storage guide and aliquoting guide.

No. Elamipretide (SS-31) has been through clinical trials without US approval for a general aging indication; Epitalon, MOTS-c, humanin and FOXO4-DRI have no approved status anywhere. Rapamycin is approved only for transplant and specific oncology indications, not for aging. Everything here is research-grade material — see what research use only means.

HPLC purity (we list at least 98% for peptide vials), mass-spectrometry identity confirmation against the expected molecular weight, the lot number, and peptide content versus gross vial weight — the salt and residual water are not peptide. Reading a peptide COA and HPLC purity explained walk through both figures.

A typical formulation is the peptide dissolved in buffered isotonic saline, often with a preservative (such as benzalkonium chloride or benzyl alcohol) to keep a multi-use bottle microbiologically stable, and sometimes a viscosity or absorption modifier. The exact composition is listed on each product's specification table. The chemistry of these excipients is covered in the nasal spray guide.

Bottles state total peptide per fill volume — our Semax spray, for example, is 15 mL containing 10 mg or 20 mg total, i.e. roughly 0.67 or 1.33 mg/mL. A metered pump dispenses a fixed volume per actuation (commonly about 0.1 mL), so mass per spray equals concentration times actuation volume. That arithmetic is a formulation description, not usage guidance.

Peptides are poorly absorbed orally because the gut digests them; the nasal mucosa avoids first-pass digestion, and for small neuropeptides such as Semax and Selank the intranasal route is the one used in the original Russian research literature. Published work on oxytocin and insulin has also explored nose-to-brain transport along olfactory pathways. Which classes have intranasal literature is summarized in our blog overview.

The spray catalog spans every research family we carry in liquid form. Cognitive peptides — Semax, Selank, the combined spray, Dihexa, P-21 and Pinealon — plus DSIP, melatonin, NAD+, glutathione, oxytocin, PT-141, kisspeptin-10, epitalon, thymosin alpha-1 and BPC-157 spray formats, all listed in the collection.

Refrigerated at 2–8 °C, upright, protected from light, with the cap on. Unlike a lyophilized vial, a spray is already an aqueous solution, so it lives on the solution-stability clock from the day it is filled; the preservative controls microbes, not chemical degradation. Avoid freezing, which can damage the pump and stress the peptide. General solution-stability principles are in how to store peptides.

Chemically, yes — solution-phase peptides hydrolyze and oxidize faster than freeze-dried cakes, which is why sprays carry shorter recommended use windows and refrigeration requirements. The trade-off is convenience: no reconstitution step and a sealed metered system. Researchers wanting maximum shelf life buy the lyophilized vial and prepare solutions fresh; the stability chemistry is explained in peptide stability and half-life.

The Nasal Spray DIY Kit pairs a lyophilized Semax vial with an empty metered spray bottle and a compatible solution, and the nasal spray reconstitution kit supplies the hardware alone. It lets a lab prepare a spray-format solution fresh from powder, combining vial-grade stability with the spray format. The preparation is standard reconstitution math, per the reconstitution guide.

Yes. The peptide used to compound each spray lot is HPLC- and mass-spec-characterized, and the finished solution is documented for concentration and composition; lot-matched paperwork is available on request, exactly as for vials. What each COA field means is covered in how to read a peptide COA.

Because the formats serve different purposes: a 10 mg lyophilized vial is a bulk stock to be diluted to whatever concentration an assay needs, while a 15 mL spray distributes 10–20 mg across roughly 100–150 metered actuations. Comparing headline milligram numbers across formats without the volumes is meaningless — the mg/mL figures on each product page are the comparable quantity.

They are cousins: all three bypass the digestive tract via mucosal surfaces — nasal, buccal or sublingual. Strips such as Selank + Semax dissolving strips and troches trade the metered pump for a solid matrix. The oral-mucosal formats and their bioavailability logic are discussed in oral peptides: capsules and troches.

No. A few peptide nasal sprays exist as approved drugs elsewhere (oxytocin and desmopressin sprays, and Semax in Russia), but the sprays in our catalog are research-grade formulations, not FDA-approved medicines, and are labeled for laboratory research use only. The distinction between approved drug products and research-grade material is explained in FDA-approved vs research-grade and the RUO explainer.

Semax is a synthetic heptapeptide (Met-Glu-His-Phe-Pro-Gly-Pro) built from the ACTH(4-7) fragment with a C-terminal Pro-Gly-Pro tail added for stability. The parent ACTH fragment has no corticotropic activity at these lengths. It was developed in Russia in the 1980s and is registered there for clinical indications; in the United States it is research-grade material only.

Different parent molecule and different research literature. Selank is a tuftsin analog (Thr-Lys-Pro-Arg plus the same Pro-Gly-Pro stabiliser), studied mainly in anxiety and immune-signalling models, whereas Semax derives from ACTH and is studied in cognition, attention and ischaemia models. Semax vs Selank sets the two side by side.

Acetylating the N-terminus and amidating the C-terminus blocks the two ends peptidases attack first, which extends stability in solution and in mucosal tissue. N-Acetyl Semax Amidate and N-Acetyl Selank Amidate are those modified forms. They are different molecules with different molecular weights, not stronger versions of the parent — see the comparison.

Rodent and cell-culture studies report changes in BDNF and its receptor TrkB after Semax and Selank administration, most often in hippocampus. That is a measured biomarker in animal models, not a demonstrated cognitive outcome in people. Human data for these peptides come largely from Russian clinical work that predates modern trial reporting standards. Our background piece covers the evidence trail.

Dihexa (CAS 1401708-83-5) is a small angiotensin IV-derived molecule studied as a hepatocyte growth factor / c-Met potentiator. Reported activity in rodent models occurs at far lower concentrations than for peptides like Semax, which is why its published protocols look unlike the rest of this category. It is an experimental compound with no clinical data. Compare it with P-21.

P-21 (P021) is a small peptidergic compound derived from the CNTF active region, developed as a neurogenesis-promoting tool and studied primarily in transgenic mouse models of tau pathology and Alzheimer's disease. The literature is preclinical. It also exists as a nasal spray format because intranasal delivery is common in the source studies.

Not a single peptide — Cerebrolysin is a porcine brain-derived peptide preparation, a defined mixture of low-molecular-weight peptides and amino acids rather than one characterised sequence. That matters for laboratory work: a mixture cannot be verified by mass spectrometry the way a synthetic peptide can, so lot-to-lot consistency depends on the manufacturing process.

DSIP (Trp-Ala-Gly-Gly-Asp-Ala-Ser-Gly-Glu, CAS 62568-57-4) sits in the sleep and stress group rather than the nootropic one. It was isolated in 1977 from rabbit cerebral venous blood during slow-wave sleep, and the subsequent literature is inconsistent. DSIP vs melatonin compares the two most-requested sleep-research items.

Because the source literature used the intranasal route. Semax and Selank were developed as nasal drops in Russia, so the pre-formulated Semax, Selank and combined sprays mirror how the published work was conducted. Sprays are supplied at a stated concentration in solution, so they have a shorter shelf life than lyophilised vials — see the nasal spray guide.

They are not stronger; they are a fixed ratio in one container. Semax + Selank and the dissolving strips combine two mechanisms in a single reconstitution step, which suits screening but makes it impossible to attribute any observed change to one component. Blends vs single vials explains when each is appropriate.

Lyophilised vials keep for years sealed at −20 °C away from light. Reconstitute gently with bacteriostatic water down the vial wall — never shake — then hold solutions at 2–8 °C in single-use aliquots. Semax contains methionine, which is prone to oxidation in solution, so minimise air exposure. Full protocol: the reconstitution guide.

They are legal to sell and purchase as research chemicals for laboratory use. Neither is an FDA-approved drug or a lawful dietary-supplement ingredient in the United States, and neither may be marketed for human consumption. Their registered status in Russia does not transfer. See FDA-approved vs research-grade and the RUO explainer.

It means the page documents an approved medicine — its class, molecule, typical presentation and regulatory status — as a reference point for people comparing it with research-grade material. These are informational listings. We do not dispense prescription drugs, and a prescription product can only be obtained through a licensed prescriber and pharmacy.

Somatropin is recombinant human growth hormone itself (CAS 12629-01-5), an approved biologic with defined indications, and in the US its distribution is additionally restricted under 21 U.S.C. 333(e). Growth hormone secretagogues such as Ipamorelin or CJC-1295 are unapproved research peptides that act upstream on the pituitary. Different molecules, different legal categories.

Because both versions exist in the real world. Tesamorelin (Egrifta-type) is the approved prescription biologic, indicated for HIV-associated lipodystrophy; research-grade tesamorelin is unapproved material supplied for laboratory work. Same peptide sequence, entirely different regulatory status, manufacturing standard and permitted use. Our trial history piece covers the approval record.

No, and the difference is not only purity. Approved biologics are made under cGMP with validated sterility, endotoxin limits, container-closure testing and batch release by a qualified person. Research-grade peptides are characterised by HPLC and mass spectrometry on a COA — useful analytics, but not the same regulatory assurance. The glossary entry sets out the distinction.

Human regular insulin is the reference molecule for a large share of metabolic research, and it is the comparator researchers reach for when reading incretin literature. Insulin is a prescription drug in the US with pharmacy-level distribution; some presentations are available without prescription in a minority of states. It is never supplied as a research chemical here.

HMG (menotropins, 75 IU) is a purified urinary gonadotropin preparation containing FSH and LH activity, used in fertility medicine and prescription-only. HCG is a distinct glycoprotein hormone acting mainly at the LH receptor. The comparison page tabulates composition, receptor targets and how each appears in reproductive research.

Botulinum toxin type A is the reference biologic for the aesthetic peptide literature — cosmetic peptides such as Argireline are explicitly designed as topical analogues of its SNARE-targeting mechanism. It is a prescription biologic requiring a licensed practitioner and a select-agent-adjacent handling regime. It is a listing, never a product for sale here.

Metformin HCl is an approved prescription drug for type 2 diabetes and one of the most-studied molecules in aging biology, which is why it appears next to research longevity compounds. In the US it is prescription-only regardless of research interest. See the rapamycin and metformin primer for how the aging literature uses it.

No. A telehealth prescription routes through a licensed prescriber and, usually, a compounding pharmacy, producing a medicine intended for a named patient. Research-grade material has no prescriber, no patient and no pharmacy. Conflating them is the most common error we see. The glossary entry and this explainer separate the two routes.

They tightened it. The compounding restrictions that followed the resolution of the semaglutide and tirzepatide shortages narrowed what compounding pharmacies may produce, and enforcement attention on research-peptide marketing increased. The categories themselves did not change. The compounding crackdown piece and the RUO update cover what shifted.

Not through this catalog. Institutional research using an approved drug is sourced through a pharmacy, a manufacturer's research programme, or under an IND, with the appropriate ethics and regulatory approvals. Our listings are documentation. For laboratory reagents, the research catalog and the research-grade collections are the relevant sections.

Several: semaglutide, tirzepatide and liraglutide are approved GLP-1 medicines; tesamorelin and sermorelin have approval history; bremelanotide (PT-141) is approved; elamipretide is investigational. In every case the approved product and the research material differ in manufacture and permitted use. The GLP-1 FAQ covers that family in detail.

It means that in a reversed-phase HPLC run, the main peak accounts for at least 99% of the total integrated peak area at the detection wavelength. It is a chromatographic area percentage, not a statement that the vial is 99% peptide by weight — water and counter-ions are excluded. The distinction between 95%, 98% and 99% material is unpacked in HPLC purity explained.

A COA is the lab report for one manufactured lot: identity (observed vs theoretical mass), HPLC purity with the chromatogram, appearance, and sometimes water content, counter-ion and endotoxin. "Lot-matched" means the document carries the same lot number printed on your vial, so results trace to your material rather than to a generic example.

Each sequence has a calculable theoretical mass — BPC-157, for example, is 1419.55 Da for C62H98N16O22. ESI or MALDI mass spectrometry measures the observed mass; a match within instrument tolerance confirms the chains assembled are the intended sequence, and truncations or major modifications would show as mass shifts. See mass spectrometry and peptide identity.

Because lyophilized peptide is never 100% peptide by weight: bound water, counter-ions such as TFA or acetate, and residual salts typically make up 10–30% of the mass. Peptide content is determined separately, usually by amino acid analysis or nitrogen determination. A 5 mg fill at 99% purity can therefore contain somewhat less than 5 mg of net peptide — normal, and quantifiable.

Mostly deletion sequences (a residue skipped during synthesis), truncated chains, oxidized variants — methionine is the classic target, described under oxidation — plus residual solvents and salts from solid-phase synthesis. These closely related by-products are exactly why HPLC purity and a clean chromatogram matter more for peptides than for small molecules.

Third-party testing means an independent laboratory, not the manufacturer, analyzes a sample from the lot and issues its own report. To verify a lot yourself, you can submit a vial to an analytical lab for HPLC and mass spec and compare against the vendor COA. Who tests, what they test and how to read the results are covered in third-party testing explained and how to verify a lot yourself.

A properly documented co-lyophilized blend reports identity and purity for every component, plus the blend ratio — for example a 1:1 vial of CJC-1295 + Ipamorelin should show both peptides characterized individually at ≥99%. If a blend COA shows only one chromatogram with no ratio statement, treat it as incomplete. Interpretation details are in blends vs single vials.

Slowly, and mostly as a function of handling. A sealed lyophilized vial stored at −20 °C retains its tested purity for a long time; solutions degrade faster, and repeated freeze–thaw or warm storage accelerates it. The COA describes the lot as manufactured — maintaining that state is a storage question, covered in how to store peptides and peptide stability and half-life.

Endotoxins are lipopolysaccharide fragments from bacterial cell walls that can confound cell-based and in-vivo work even at trace levels. Endotoxin testing (LAL assay) is a separate analysis from purity and is most relevant for cell culture and animal studies. If your protocol is endotoxin-sensitive, request the lot's endotoxin data before ordering rather than assuming a purity figure covers it.

Method differences: column, gradient, detection wavelength and integration settings all shift the reported area percentage, and some vendors publish a generic example COA rather than lot-specific data. That is why the vendor checklist puts lot-matched documentation above the headline number — a verifiable 98% beats an unverifiable 99.9%. Our blog piece reading a COA like a chemist shows real examples.

Note the lot number printed on your vial label and contact support with your order number; we return the lot-matched COA for each product in the order. COAs are available for every catalog item, from tirzepatide to lab supplies where applicable. Keeping the COA with your lab records also satisfies most institutional documentation requirements for research materials.

Bacteriostatic water is sterile water with 0.9% (9 mg/mL) benzyl alcohol added as a preservative, which suppresses bacterial growth so a vial can be entered multiple times over days or weeks. Plain sterile water has no preservative and suits single-use preparations. Most multi-sample research stocks use bacteriostatic water. The full comparison is in bacteriostatic water vs sterile water.

Concentration equals peptide mass divided by diluent volume. A 5 mg vial plus 2 mL of diluent gives 2.5 mg/mL, which is 2,500 mcg/mL; on a U-100 insulin syringe, 10 units is 0.1 mL, containing 250 mcg. Changing the diluent volume changes concentration, never the total amount in the vial. Worked examples are in the math explainer and the calculator.

There is no single correct volume — it is a concentration choice. Small volumes give concentrated stocks that conserve refrigerator space; larger volumes make small quantities easier to measure accurately on a graduated syringe. Common lab practice is 1–3 mL per vial. Peptides with poor aqueous solubility may need the larger volume; see peptide solubility for charge and pH considerations.

Peptides are surface-active molecules; vigorous shaking creates foam and air–liquid interfaces where chains can unfold and aggregate, especially longer acylated sequences like semaglutide. Run the diluent slowly down the vial wall, then swirl gently and let the vial stand until clear. Persistent cloudiness after standing suggests aggregation or a solubility problem, not incomplete mixing.

Sealed lyophilized vials are best kept at −20 °C, protected from light and moisture; refrigeration at 2–8 °C is acceptable for shorter holding periods. The freeze-dried cake is far more stable than any solution, which is why peptides ship as powder. Let a cold vial reach room temperature before opening so condensation does not wet the cake. Details in how to store peptides.

It depends on the sequence, the diluent and handling. As a general laboratory rule, stocks in bacteriostatic water held at 2–8 °C are used within a documented study window of several weeks; unpreserved sterile-water solutions should be used promptly or aliquoted and frozen once. Sequences containing methionine, cysteine or tryptophan degrade faster. Record the reconstitution date on the label — vial labels and log sheets exist for exactly this.

Once, in single-use aliquots — repeated freeze–thaw cycling is one of the fastest ways to degrade a peptide solution, because ice formation concentrates solutes and stresses the molecule at each cycle. Divide the stock into aliquots using sterile empty vials, freeze them individually, and thaw each one only when needed. The technique is covered in aliquoting peptide solutions.

Usually not. Lyophilized peptides tolerate days at ambient and even summer shipping temperatures with negligible purity loss, which published stability data on freeze-dried peptides support; the cold chain matters far more for reconstituted solutions. Move the vial to a freezer on arrival and it is fine. Our shipping and cold chain guide explains what actually degrades in transit.

Lyophilized cakes vary with fill mass, excipients and the freeze-drying run. A dense pellet, a fluffy cake or a partly fragmented powder can all be normal for the same compound; appearance is not a purity indicator. What matters is the lot-matched COA and that the material dissolves clear. If a vial arrives with a broken seal or visibly melted contents, contact support — see the COA guide for what testing covers.

For sub-milliliter volumes, U-100 insulin syringes (31G, 1 mL) give fine graduation — each unit is 0.01 mL. For transferring diluent, 3 mL luer-lock syringes are more practical. Gauge, dead space and unit markings are explained in choosing syringes for peptide research.

The procedure is identical, but the arithmetic changes: a co-lyophilized blend such as CJC-1295 + Ipamorelin 10 mg (5/5) contains both peptides in one cake, so each component's concentration is its own mass divided by the total volume. The COA reports purity per component. See peptide blends vs single vials for ratio and COA interpretation.

Shaking instead of swirling, injecting diluent directly onto the cake, storing unpreserved solutions for weeks, repeated freeze–thaw, unlabeled vials, and mixing up milligrams and micrograms — a 1,000-fold error. Each mistake and its fix is covered in 10 common reconstitution and storage mistakes, and the units problem in micrograms vs milligrams.

A synthetic pentadecapeptide (Gly-Glu-Pro-Pro-Pro-Gly-Lys-Pro-Ala-Asp-Asp-Ala-Gly-Leu-Val, CAS 137525-51-0, 1419.55 Da) whose sequence derives from Body Protection Compound, a protein identified in human gastric juice. Rodent studies — largely from one Zagreb group — report effects in tendon, ligament, muscle and gut injury models. No completed human efficacy trials exist. Full background in what is BPC-157 and BPC-157 research in 2026.

Not quite. Thymosin beta-4 is a 43-residue protein found in most cells; TB-500 is its short actin-binding fragment (Ac-LKKTETQ, 889.02 Da) — the segment credited with cell-migration activity in published work. Studies on the full protein do not automatically transfer to the fragment. We carry both: the fragment and full-length thymosin beta-4; the difference is dissected in a fragment is not the whole protein.

They come from unrelated proteins and are studied through different mechanisms: BPC-157 work emphasizes angiogenesis modulation, nitric-oxide pathways and gut-derived protection in rodent injury models, while TB-500 work centers on actin sequestration and cell migration. Many wound-model studies examine them separately; blends exist so researchers can study them together at fixed ratios. The side-by-side table is in BPC-157 vs TB-500.

They are co-lyophilized combinations at stated ratios: Wolverine is BPC-157 + TB-500; GLOW adds GHK-Cu to that pair; KLOW adds KPV as a fourth component. Each blend COA characterizes every component. How these recipes came together is covered in how recovery blends are composed.

KPV is the C-terminal tripeptide of alpha-MSH, studied in cell and rodent models of inflammation, particularly intestinal; GHK-Cu is a copper-binding tripeptide with decades of matrix-remodeling and wound-model literature. Both appear in the anti-inflammatory collection and as blend components. Comparisons: BPC-157 vs KPV.

Lyophilized vials (5–20 mg), oral capsules, the acid-stable arginate salt capsules, troches, topical cream and a nasal spray. Formats exist because BPC-157's gastric-juice origin makes oral stability a genuine research question; the trade-offs are examined in capsules vs vials.

No published, completed human efficacy trials for either — the evidence base is cell culture and animal models, plus early-phase safety work that was never carried forward. That means claims about human outcomes are unsupported, and both peptides are prohibited in sport by WADA. What has and has not been studied is laid out in BPC-157 research in 2026.

Sealed lyophilized vials at −20 °C; reconstitute with bacteriostatic water added slowly down the vial wall, swirl gently, then hold solutions at 2–8 °C in single-use aliquots. BPC-157 and TB-500 are short, relatively robust sequences, but standard practice from the reconstitution guide and storage guide still applies. The BPC-157 starter kit bundles vial, diluent and syringes.

Our lots test at ≥99% by HPLC with mass-spec identity confirmation — for BPC-157 the observed mass should sit at 1419.55 Da within instrument tolerance, for TB-500 at 889.02 Da. The COA also states the lot number matching your vial label. How to read each field, including why acetylated N-termini show as +42 Da versus the unmodified sequence, is in how to read a peptide COA.

A blend like BPC-157 + TB-500 + KPV is one co-lyophilized vial at a fixed ratio; a stack like the Wolverine stack or Repair+ stack ships the same molecules as separate single-compound vials, letting a study set its own ratios and controls. Separate vials also mean separate COAs per molecule — the cleaner choice for quantitative work.

The Research Catalog lists the BPC-157 family alongside broader wound- and matrix-relevant families, and the topic indexes group reagents for tissue contexts — see the skeletal muscle hub and bone & cartilage hub for peptides, antibodies and assay kits organized by tissue. For joint-focused catalog picks, the joints & tendons collection is the shortcut.

Three intersecting axes. Product type — peptides, labeled peptides, antibodies, assay kits, beads, libraries. Topic — cancer, cardiovascular, diabetes, obesity, antimicrobial, Alzheimer's, neuropeptide. And family — the parent molecule, such as NPY, ghrelin or amyloid-beta. Most items appear under all three, so you can arrive from whichever direction matches your question.

A family page collects everything derived from one parent molecule: the human sequence, species variants, active and antagonist fragments, labeled versions, the antisera raised against it and any kits that quantify it. Ghrelin or GLP-1 can run to dozens of entries. The variants exist because different assays need different tools.

Ask what the experiment measures. A synthetic peptide standard is for applying a known quantity or building a standard curve. An antibody is for detecting the molecule in tissue or on a blot. An assay kit is for quantifying endogenous peptide in a sample. Binding studies usually need a peptide plus a labeled tracer.

Frequently, yes. Some peptides are identical across mammals; others differ by several residues, which changes receptor affinity and whether an antibody recognises them. Every catalog item states its species. Matching the standard and the antiserum to your model organism is one of the most common sources of unexplained assay failure — check species reactivity before ordering.

Typically sequence (one- or three-letter code with modifications), molecular weight, purity by HPLC, fill quantity, physical form and storage temperature. Modifications matter: an amidated C-terminus or an acetylated N-terminus is a different molecule from the free-acid form. How to read a peptide sequence decodes the notation.

Both. High-demand standards and kits are stocked; many family variants, custom labels and larger fills are synthesised or aliquoted to order, with lead times stated at quotation. Radiolabeled items have additional scheduling constraints because of isotope half-life. Ask for a quote with the catalog number and required quantity and the lead time comes back with the price.

Different purpose and different fills. The store sells milligram-scale lyophilised vials of a few hundred well-known peptides in retail collections. The research catalog indexes microgram-to-milligram analytical reagents across the full peptide literature, including tools with no commercial demand outside academia. Overlap exists, but the catalog is optimised for identifying an exact reagent, not for browsing.

Yes — bulk fills, custom aliquot sizes and custom labels are standard requests for institutional buyers. Provide catalog number, quantity, required purity and any format constraint (salt form, sterile-filtered, endotoxin-tested). Purchase orders from universities and companies are accepted. Note that custom syntheses are quoted separately from stocked items.

Systematic sets — overlapping scans across a protein sequence, alanine scans, or positional scanning sets — used for epitope mapping, protease substrate profiling and receptor structure-activity work. They are supplied as arrayed plates or pooled sets rather than single vials. See the peptide libraries type page for formats.

Magnetic beads are the solid phase for immunoprecipitation, pull-down assays and bead-based multiplex immunoassays. Peptide-conjugated or antibody-coupled beads let a target be captured from a complex lysate and washed without centrifugation. They pair with the antibody and labeled-peptide sections rather than standing alone.

Follow the item's stated temperature, not a general rule — lyophilised peptides at −20 °C, most antisera at −20 °C in aliquots, assay kits usually 2–8 °C with some components frozen, and radiolabeled tracers per the isotope's requirements. Antibodies in particular tolerate repeated freeze–thaw poorly. The storage guide and aliquoting guide cover the general workflow.

No. Everything in the research catalog is research-use-only material for in-vitro assays and approved animal studies. It is not manufactured to pharmaceutical standards, is not sterile or endotoxin-controlled unless a specific item states otherwise, and is not for diagnostic, therapeutic or veterinary use. See the RUO definition and the research use only FAQ.

A selective androgen receptor modulator — a non-steroidal molecule that binds the androgen receptor and produces tissue-selective transcriptional effects, with reported preference for muscle and bone over prostate in animal models. They were developed as candidates for muscle-wasting indications. None has completed the approval process; all remain investigational compounds.

They are legal to sell and buy as research chemicals for laboratory use, but not as dietary supplements — the FDA has issued warning letters on that point, and the SARMs Control Act has been introduced in Congress repeatedly without passing. Selling them for human consumption is unlawful. Our 2026 regulatory status piece covers the current position.

Yes. WADA lists SARMs under S1.2 (other anabolic agents) as prohibited at all times, in and out of competition, and Cardarine and SR9009 appear under S4.5 as metabolic modulators. Detection windows for several compounds run to weeks or months. This is a factual note about testing programmes, not guidance for use.

RAD-140 (testolone, CAS 1182367-47-0) was studied by Radius Health including a phase 1 breast-cancer trial; LGD-4033 (ligandrol, CAS 1165910-22-4) went through phase 1 healthy-volunteer work at Ligand/Viking. They differ in reported receptor binding profile and half-life. The side-by-side comparison tabulates what is published for each.

No — a common misclassification. Cardarine (CAS 317318-70-0) is a PPAR-δ agonist, acting on a nuclear receptor involved in fatty-acid oxidation, with no androgen receptor activity. GSK halted its development after rodent carcinogenicity findings at high, long-duration exposures — a fact any protocol using it should account for. See Cardarine vs SR9009.

Both are REV-ERB agonists — ligands for the nuclear receptors that form part of the circadian clock, studied for effects on metabolic gene expression in mice. Reported oral bioavailability of SR9009 is poor, which complicates interpretation of in-vivo results; SR9011 is a closely related analog from the same programme.

Because researchers ordering longevity reagents ask for them together. Rapamycin (sirolimus, CAS 53123-88-9) is an approved immunosuppressant repurposed in mTOR and aging studies, and metformin is listed as a prescription reference item. Both are prescription-only drugs; we supply research-grade material for laboratory work only. See the longevity primer.

Capsules deliver a fixed mass per unit (10 mg × 60 for most SARMs) and are convenient for animal-model gavage preparation. Research liquids (30 mL at 20 mg/mL) are solutions in a carrier solvent, allowing volumetric measurement and dilution but requiring attention to solvent compatibility and evaporation. Concentration on the label should always be checked against the COA.

Enclomiphene is the trans-isomer of clomiphene, a selective estrogen receptor modulator that acts at the hypothalamus rather than the androgen receptor. It was investigated for secondary hypogonadism and did not gain FDA approval. It sits in hormonal compounds for that reason — a different receptor family and a different research question entirely.

Tadalafil and sildenafil are PDE5 inhibitors and approved prescription drugs. They appear in research contexts — vascular, pulmonary and endothelial studies — so the liquids are supplied as reference material for laboratory work. They are not sold as medicines, and the approved products remain prescription-only. See where the legal line sits.

Different analytics from a peptide COA. Expect HPLC or UPLC purity with the chromatogram, mass-spectrometric identity, and ideally NMR confirming structure — small molecules cannot be verified by sequence. Check the lot number matches the vial and that the assay method is stated. Third-party testing explained covers independent verification of a lot.

Capsules and powders keep at room temperature in a dry, dark place; most of these molecules are far more stable than peptides and do not require freezing. Research liquids should be kept sealed and away from light, and the solvent checked for evaporation loss over time, which silently raises concentration. Nothing here needs cold-chain shipping.

No. Bromantane (an adamantane derivative) and phenylpiracetam (a racetam) are small molecules developed in Russia and studied for effects on dopamine signalling and fatigue. They sit in nootropic compounds, separate from peptide nootropics such as Semax — see the nootropic peptides FAQ.

That the product is intended solely for laboratory research — in-vitro work and approved animal studies — and has not been evaluated or approved for any use in humans or animals as a medicine, diagnostic or supplement. In FDA terms it is a labelling category signalling that the product is not a finished medical product. It carries no implication that the material is safe or effective for anything.

Selling and purchasing unapproved peptides for genuine laboratory research is generally lawful, provided they are not marketed or sold for human consumption. What is unlawful is promoting them with therapeutic claims, labelling them as dietary supplements, or distributing them for administration to people. A handful of molecules carry additional controls. See the full explainer.

Enforcement attention, not the underlying rules. After the semaglutide and tirzepatide shortages resolved, compounding under section 503A/503B narrowed sharply, and warning letters to peptide vendors focused on therapeutic claims, human-facing instructions and supplement-style marketing. Vendors that publish protocols or before-and-after content are the target. Our 2026 update covers the specifics.

Because publishing human administration protocols would convert research material into an unapproved drug in the eyes of the regulator, and because we are not in a position to give anyone medical guidance. Reconstitution arithmetic is a laboratory calculation — converting milligrams and millilitres — and we publish that. What that solution is then used for is outside what we can advise on.

No. Approved medicines are manufactured under cGMP with validated sterility, endotoxin limits, container-closure integrity testing and regulatory batch release. Research peptides are characterised analytically — HPLC purity, mass-spectrometric identity — on a certificate of analysis. Good analytics are not the same as pharmaceutical manufacturing assurance. The distinction is set out here.

No. A research-grade peptide with the same sequence as an approved medicine is still unapproved material: different manufacturer, different quality system, different permitted use. Semaglutide, tirzepatide and tesamorelin all exist in both forms. Sequence identity is a chemical fact, not a regulatory one — see the prescription biologics FAQ.

You confirm at checkout that you are ordering for laboratory research, that you will not administer the material to humans or animals outside an approved protocol, and that you will handle and dispose of it according to applicable rules. Institutional purchasers additionally work within their own IACUC, IBC or EHS approvals. Those terms are conditions of sale, not formalities.

No. Clinical use requires an approved medicine sourced through a pharmacy, or an investigational product under an IND with ethics approval. Research-grade material has no such pathway, and a prescriber's licence does not convert RUO material into a lawful medicine. The compounding-pharmacy and telehealth routes are different mechanisms entirely — explained here.

Broadly, with wrinkles. SARMs are lawful to sell as research chemicals but the FDA has issued warning letters against supplement marketing, and legislation to schedule them has been introduced repeatedly. Some hormonal compounds fall under separate controls. Our 2026 status piece covers what sellers must and must not say.

Yes. Research chemicals are shipped with documentation identifying them as laboratory reagents, and some destinations restrict or refuse import of specific molecules regardless of RUO labelling. Domestic US shipping is straightforward; international orders are the customer's responsibility to clear. The shipping FAQ covers cold-chain handling and delivery.

Yes, and you should cite it properly: vendor, product, lot number and the purity and identity figures from the certificate of analysis. Reviewers increasingly ask for lot-level characterisation of unapproved compounds. If your work is quantitative, independent confirmation of a lot is worth the cost — see third-party testing explained.

No, and it is not intended to. RUO status says nothing about toxicity, sterility or endotoxin content, and most research peptides have never been through toxicology assessment. Treat every item as an uncharacterised chemical: appropriate PPE, containment matched to your institution's rules, and disposal as laboratory waste rather than down a drain.

Orders placed on business days are typically processed within one business day; peak periods and large institutional orders can add a day or two. You receive a confirmation email at purchase and a second email with carrier tracking once the parcel leaves the facility. Processing time is separate from transit time, which depends on the shipping method selected at checkout.

For lyophilized vials, almost never. Freeze-dried peptides tolerate days at ambient and elevated temperatures with negligible purity loss because degradation chemistry needs water mobility that the dry cake lacks. Pre-mixed formats such as nasal sprays and cosmetic serums are more temperature-sensitive but still handle normal transit. The full breakdown is in peptide storage in hot weather.

Because the product is shipped in its most stable form. A cold pack warms within hours and then does nothing, while a lyophilized cake is engineered to survive ambient shipping — that is the entire point of freeze-drying, explained in why peptides ship as lyophilized powder. What matters is prompt transfer to a freezer after delivery, per our storage guide.

Every shipment gets a tracking number emailed when the label is created; allow up to 24 hours for the carrier's system to show movement. You can also view order status and history from your account dashboard. If tracking stalls for more than a few business days, contact support with your order number so we can open a carrier inquiry on your behalf.

Three things: the vials match your order confirmation, each seal and crimp is intact, and the lot numbers on the labels correspond to the COAs you receive or request. Then move lyophilized vials to −20 °C storage. Loose powder in an intact sealed vial or a partially collapsed cake is normal lyophilizate variation, not damage — see the COA guide for what testing covers.

Contact support within 7 days of the expected delivery date with your order number and, for damage, photos of the packaging and affected items. After confirming with the carrier we reship at no cost or refund to the original payment method, depending on stock and your preference. Retain all packaging until the claim is resolved, since carriers sometimes request inspection.

Unopened, unused items in their original sealed packaging can be returned within the posted return window for a refund; opened vials cannot be restocked because seal integrity and chain of custody cannot be re-verified for research material. Wrong-item and quality issues are handled as replacements rather than returns. Start any return by contacting support with the order number before shipping anything back.

Yes, if it has not yet shipped — contact support as soon as possible with the order number and the change. Because most orders move to the packing queue within hours on business days, same-day requests have the best odds. Once a tracking number exists the parcel is with the carrier and the order follows the normal return process instead.

We ship within the United States; research-use-only chemicals face import rules that vary by country, and many customs authorities hold or destroy peptide shipments, so we do not ship internationally. Standard shipments can go to PO boxes, but expedited services generally require a street address. Institutional buyers with a receiving dock should use their department's standard delivery address.

Parcels ship in plain outer packaging with no product description visible. Inside, items are individually protected, and each vial carries a label with product name, size and lot number. COAs are delivered digitally on request keyed to your lot numbers rather than printed in the box, which keeps documents current — see third-party testing explained for verifying a lot after arrival.

Bundled items such as the BPC-157 starter kit or GLP-1 starter kit ship as one parcel with diluent and consumables packed alongside the vials — diluent vials like bacteriostatic water are unaffected by transit temperatures. Large institutional orders from the Research Catalog may ship in multiple parcels; each has its own tracking number.